[Machine Translation] In the 17th century, the scientist Hooke discovered the tiny "chambers" that make up plants, later called "cells," which provided a revolutionary perspective on biology and medicine. In the 19th century, the physician Wilhelm Hooke identified disease as a cellular abnormality, and Koch, the father of bacteriology, overturned the previously prevailing theory of noxious air, and medicine evolved into an empirical discipline. This is a chronicle of the discovery and exploration of the smallest unit of life that has shaped the framework of modern medicine and bioethics. Cells: The Search for the Essence of Life and Medicine" (revised title)